The Varnhagen Collection is one of the largest and most important European collections of autographs, particularly of German-language manuscripts.

It comprises approximately 200,000 items created by around 9,000 individuals. The collection includes letters, literary manuscripts, journals, drawings, paper cuttings, musical scores, as well as various notes and artefacts documenting the cultural, scholarly, and political life of Europe from the late eighteenth century to the 1870s.

The collection was founded by the diplomat and publicist Karl August Varnhagen von Ense (1785–1858), husband of Rahel Levin Varnhagen (1771–1833), a writer who hosted a renowned literary salon in Berlin. After his death, the development of the collection was continued by his niece Ludmilla Assing (1821–1880).

At the Jagiellonian Library, boxes numbered 1–299 and 301 are held, while materials from boxes no. 300 and 302–307 are preserved at the Berlin State Library (Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin).